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氣吹式低損傷縊蟶苗播苗裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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浙江省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2023C02011)


Design and Test of Air-blowing Seeding Device for Sinonovacula constricta Seedling
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)縊蟶苗機(jī)械化播苗易損傷,人工播苗均勻性差、勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度高、工作環(huán)境差等問題,以2月齡縊蟶苗為研究對(duì)象,通過壓縮試驗(yàn),分析得到縊蟶苗的最低損傷力,設(shè)計(jì)了一種氣吹式低損傷縊蟶苗播苗裝置。該裝置由苗箱、槽輪、吹苗管、氣流分流管等組成,工作原理是苗箱中的縊蟶苗通過槽輪進(jìn)入吹苗管,在氣流作用下被吹撒至灘涂中。分別建立了縊蟶苗在吹苗管內(nèi)和空氣中的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,分析了碰撞過程的接觸力,確定了影響縊蟶苗運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡的主要因素。通過CFD-DEM耦合構(gòu)建仿真模型,以氣流入口速度、裝置離地高度、裝置行進(jìn)速度為試驗(yàn)因素,以播苗密度相對(duì)誤差、損傷率為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),分別進(jìn)行了單因素與三因素三水平二次中心組合試驗(yàn),得出影響播苗密度相對(duì)誤差的主次因素為裝置行進(jìn)速度、氣流入口速度、裝置離地高度,影響損傷率的主次因素為氣流入口速度、裝置離地高度、裝置行進(jìn)速度。以播苗密度相對(duì)誤差、損傷率為目標(biāo)對(duì)各試驗(yàn)因素進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,得到優(yōu)化后最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為氣流入口速度30m/s、裝置離地高度490mm、裝置行進(jìn)速度0.17m/s。采用優(yōu)化后的參數(shù)進(jìn)行臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明,在最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合下,播苗密度相對(duì)誤差為7.02%,損傷率為3.92%,證明此播苗裝置性能良好,滿足實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的要求。

    Abstract:

    Manual sowing of Sinonovacula constricta seedling in tidal flat is a slow and labour-intensive operation, and damage of mechanical sowing limits the production of Sinonovacula constricta. The mechanical properties of 2-month-old Sinonovacula constricta seedling were tested and a pneumatic seeding device was proposed which mainly consisted of a seedling box, a grooved pulley, seedling-blowing pipe, and an air flow distribution pipe. Sinonovacula constricta seedling in the seedling box entered the seedlingblowing pipe via the grooved pulley, and then with the effect of air flow, they were blown and scattered onto the tidal flat. The kinematic model of seedling in the seedling-blowing pipe and air were established respectively. The contact forces of the collision process were obtained and the main factors influencing the movement trajectories of Sinonovacula constricta seedling were analyzed. Based on CFD-DEM method, single-factor and three-factor and three-level quadratic orthogonal central composite experiments were conducted respectively, with the inlet velocity of air flow, the distance from the ground, and the speed of the device selected as experimental factors, and the relative error of seeding density and the damage rate as performance indicators. The results showed that the factors affecting the relative error of seeding density, in order, were the speed of the device, the inlet velocity of air flow, and distance from the ground. The factors affecting the damage rate were the inlet velocity of air flow, the distance from the ground, and the speed of the device in order. The optimal combination of parameters was determined to be 30m/s of the inlet velocity, 490mm of the distance from the ground, and 0.17m/s of the speed. Based on the parameters obtained in simulation experiments, a prototype pneumatic seeder was fabricated and tested for its performance. The seeder worked satisfactorily at the relative error of seeding density of 7.02% and the damage rate of 3.92%. The research result can provide a technical support for the seeding devices of thin-shelled shellfish seedling on tidal flats.

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俞亞新,周俊偉,潘一隆,秦雯冰,王昊,王強(qiáng).氣吹式低損傷縊蟶苗播苗裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(6):319-329,340. YU Yaxin, ZHOU Junwei, PAN Yilong, QIN Wenbing, WANG Hao, WANG Qiang. Design and Test of Air-blowing Seeding Device for Sinonovacula constricta Seedling[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(6):319-329,340.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-06-10
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