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蔬菜穴盤苗取栽一體式移栽機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YFD2001800)、國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52305290、52075497)和浙江省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(LD24E05007、LTGN23E050002)


Design and Experiment of Integrated Transplanting Mechanism for Taking and Planting Vegetable Pot Seedlings
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有蔬菜移栽機(jī)構(gòu)無法精確實(shí)現(xiàn)取栽一體式作業(yè)所需的移栽軌跡和姿態(tài)問題,本文提出一種基于非圓齒輪約束的混聯(lián)六桿單自由度蔬菜缽苗取栽一體式移栽機(jī)構(gòu)。根據(jù)取栽一體式移栽要求,確定了一種“鷹嘴形”取苗靜軌跡和“近似直線形”植苗動(dòng)軌跡取栽一體式理想移栽軌跡,建立了移栽機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型,以五次B樣條插值法構(gòu)建非圓齒輪傳動(dòng)函數(shù),結(jié)合蔬菜移栽農(nóng)藝要求,以機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)誤差最小和非圓齒輪節(jié)曲線最優(yōu)為優(yōu)化目標(biāo),基于譜聚類均衡差分進(jìn)化算法(SCEDE)對(duì)移栽機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),得到滿足一體化移栽軌跡和姿態(tài)最優(yōu)機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)。對(duì)移栽機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、仿真分析以及臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:物理樣機(jī)試驗(yàn)軌跡姿態(tài)、虛擬樣機(jī)仿真軌跡姿態(tài)與理論軌跡姿態(tài)基本一致,當(dāng)移栽機(jī)構(gòu)作業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)速為25~45r/min時(shí),取苗成功率為96.1%,栽植成功率為91.4%,移栽株距變異系數(shù)2.31%。滿足蔬菜移栽作業(yè)要求,驗(yàn)證了所提理論方法的正確性以及該機(jī)構(gòu)的可行性。

    Abstract:

    In view of the problem that the existing vegetable transplanting mechanisms cannot precisely achieve the required transplanting trajectory and posture for the integrated operation of transplanting and harvesting, a hybrid six-bar single-degree-of-freedom vegetable pot seedling transplanting mechanism was proposed based on non-circular gear constraints. According to the requirements of integrated transplanting and harvesting, an ideal transplanting trajectory integrating the static trajectory of taking seedlings and the dynamic trajectory of planting seedlings was determined as an “eagle-beak-shaped” static trajectory and an “approximate straight-line-shaped” dynamic trajectory. The kinematic model of the transplanting mechanism was established. The non-circular gear transmission function was constructed by using quintic B-spline interpolation method. Considering the agronomic requirements of vegetable transplanting, the spectral clustering balanced differential evolution algorithm (SCEDE) was used to optimize the design of the transplanting mechanism with the minimum motion error and the optimal gear curve of the non-circular gear as the optimization objectives. The optimal mechanism parameters for the integrated transplanting trajectory and posture were obtained. The structure design, simulation analysis and bench test of the transplanting mechanism were carried out. The results showed that the trajectory and posture of the physical prototype test and the virtual prototype simulation were basically consistent with the theoretical trajectory. When the operating speed of the transplanting mechanism was 25~45r/min, the success rate of taking seedlings was 96.1%, the success rate of planting was 91.4%, and the coefficient of variation of transplanting plant spacing was 2.31%. It can meet the requirements of vegetable transplanting operation, which verified the correctness of the proposed theoretical method and the feasibility of the mechanism.

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俞高紅,李小琴,徐岳平,敖猛,王振濤,王磊.蔬菜穴盤苗取栽一體式移栽機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(6):341-350. YU Gaohong, LI Xiaoqin, XU Yueping, AO Meng, WANG Zhentao, WANG Lei. Design and Experiment of Integrated Transplanting Mechanism for Taking and Planting Vegetable Pot Seedlings[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(6):341-350.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-06-10
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