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裝袋型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機不停機卸袋裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項目(CARS-09-P25)


Design and Experiment of Non-stop Unloading Device for Bagging Potato Combine Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對裝袋型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機田間作業(yè)時停機卸袋所造成的效率較低問題,設(shè)計了一種不停機卸袋裝置。該裝置可通過緩存和裝袋狀態(tài)的切換,實現(xiàn)機器作業(yè)過程不停機卸袋。運用Hertz接觸理論推導(dǎo)馬鈴薯與薯箱碰撞過程中最大接觸應(yīng)力的表達式,得到了影響接觸應(yīng)力的關(guān)鍵因素。對卸袋裝置卸袋過程進行了分析,確定了卸袋裝置的尺寸參數(shù);通過速度矢量圖對馬鈴薯在與箱壁碰撞后可能出現(xiàn)的3種運動方向進行了分析;結(jié)合運動學(xué)原理明確了馬鈴薯在下落過程中的運動軌跡和速度表達式,得出影響馬鈴薯速度的關(guān)鍵因素。為確定箱體的最佳結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),運用Box-Benhnken試驗方法,以壁面角度、輸送帶速度和箱體壁面長度為試驗因素,以馬鈴薯破皮率和傷薯率為試驗指標,對該裝置進行三因素三水平試驗。通過Design-Expert 11.1.0軟件對試驗結(jié)果進行方差分析,得出對試驗指標影響顯著的因素,通過響應(yīng)面試驗,分析試驗交互因素對試驗指標的影響規(guī)律并得出最佳的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),在此基礎(chǔ)上進行臺架試驗驗證,并進行了田間對比試驗。臺架試驗表明,當薯箱壁面角度為44°、分揀輸送鏈速度為0.44m/s、薯箱壁面長度為603mm時,破皮率為0.96%,傷薯率為0.63%。田間對比試驗結(jié)果表明,滿足馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機作業(yè)標準要求,且收獲效率較停機卸袋聯(lián)合收獲機提升了41.63%。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problem of low efficiency caused by stoppage unloading during field operation of bagging potato combine, a non-stoppage unloading device was designed. The device can switch between caching and bagging status, and achieve non-stop unloading during the machine operation process. The expression of the maximum contact stress during the collision between potato and potato box was derived by using Hertz contact theory, and the key factors affecting the contact stress were obtained. An analysis was conducted on the unloading process of the unloading device, and the size parameters of the unloading device were determined. Three possible motion directions of the potato after collision with the wall of the box were analyzed by the velocity vector diagram. Based on the principle of kinematics, the trajectory and velocity expression of potato in the falling process were defined, and the key factors affecting the potato speed were obtained. In order to determine the best structural parameters of the box, Box-Benhnken test method was used to carry out three-factor and threelevel tests on the device with wall angle, conveyor belt speed and box wall length as test factors and potato peel breakage rate and potato damage rate as test indexes. Analysis of variance was performed on the test results through Design-Expert 11.1.0 software to identify the factors that had a significant impact on the experimental indicators, and the rule of influence of experimental interaction factors on test indicators was analyzed through response surface tests, and the optimal structural parameters were obtained. On this basis, experimental verification was carried out, and field comparison experiments were conducted. The bench test showed that when the wall angle of the potato box was 44°, the sorting and conveying chain speed was 0.44m/s, and the wall length of the potato box was 603mm, the breaking rate was 0.96% and the damaged rate was 0.63%. The results of field comparative experiment showed that the obtained data met the operational requirements of the potato combine harvester and the harvesting efficiency was improved by 41.63% compared with that of shutdown unloading combine harvester.

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楊德秋,程子文,李洋,劉萌萌,汪昕,陳新予,陶鑫愿,李道義,張麗娜.裝袋型馬鈴薯聯(lián)合收獲機不停機卸袋裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2025,56(6):351-361. YANG Deqiu, CHENG Ziwen, LI Yang, LIU Mengmeng, WANG Xin, CHEN Xinyu, TAO Xinyuan, LI Daoyi, ZHANG Li’na. Design and Experiment of Non-stop Unloading Device for Bagging Potato Combine Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(6):351-361.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-06-10
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