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丘陵地區(qū)履帶式甘蔗收獲機橫向調(diào)平系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗
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廣西科技重大專項(桂科AA22117006)


Design and Experiment of Leveling System for Crawler-type Sugarcane Harvesters in Hilly Areas
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    摘要:

    針對丘陵地區(qū)甘蔗沿等高線種植特點及履帶式甘蔗收獲機在丘陵地區(qū)2°~10°進行收割作業(yè)時易發(fā)生側(cè)翻的問題,根據(jù)相似性原理搭建了比例1∶4的試驗平臺,基于單片機及傳感器控制檢測技術(shù),設(shè)計一種適用于履帶式甘蔗收獲機的橫向調(diào)平系統(tǒng)。本文結(jié)合履帶式甘蔗收獲機橫向?qū)挾刃 ⒅匦母叩忍攸c,提出了單側(cè)(及雙側(cè))調(diào)平控制策略。系統(tǒng)通過液壓驅(qū)動單側(cè)液壓缸同步伸縮,實現(xiàn)車身自適應(yīng)調(diào)平,提高甘蔗收獲機抗傾翻性。試驗結(jié)果表明,系統(tǒng)在不同載重條件下均能高效調(diào)平,車身調(diào)平具有可靠性;在靜態(tài)試驗中,試驗平臺橫向調(diào)平時間為1.22s,傾角誤差在±1內(nèi)°,滿足丘陵地區(qū)的需求;橫向臨界傾翻試驗表明,未調(diào)平前的臨界傾翻角為24.32°,調(diào)平后的臨界傾翻角為29.20°,橫向調(diào)平角度最大10°,有效提高了機器的抗傾翻性。最后結(jié)合實時頻譜分析,檢測頻率分布和振動幅值的變化,分析不同狀態(tài)頻譜波形圖,為復(fù)雜環(huán)境下收獲機的動態(tài)行為建模提供了研究基礎(chǔ),并為傾翻預(yù)警信號提供依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the contour-planting characteristics of sugarcane in hilly areas and the frequent occurrence of rollover accidents when tracked sugarcane harvesters operate on slopes of 2°~10°, a 1∶4 scale test platform was constructed according to similarity principles. Based on microcontroller and sensor control detection technologies, a lateral leveling system suitable for tracked sugarcane harvesters was designed. Considering the harvester’s narrow width and high center of gravity, singleside (and double-side) leveling control strategies were proposed. The system utilized hydraulic cylinders to drive synchronous extension and retraction on one side, enabling adaptive body leveling and improving the anti-rollover capacity of the sugarcane harvester. Experimental results showed that the system can efficiently level the vehicle under different load conditions, and the body leveling function was reliable. In static tests, the platform achieved lateral leveling in 1.22s with a tilt angle error within ±1°, meeting the requirements for hilly regions. Lateral critical rollover tests indicated that the critical rollover angle was increased from 24.32° (before leveling) to 29.20° (after leveling), with a maximum lateral leveling angle of 10°, effectively enhancing the machine’s resistance to rolling over. Finally, through real-time spectral analysis, changes in frequency distribution and vibration amplitude were detected, and spectral waveform diagrams under different conditions were analyzed. This laid a research foundation for modeling the dynamic behavior of harvesters in complex environments and provided a basis for rollover warning signals.

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李尚平,韋雨彤,任泓宇,李凱華,程建華,宋家華.丘陵地區(qū)履帶式甘蔗收獲機橫向調(diào)平系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2025,56(6):374-385. LI Shangping, WEI Yutong, REN Hongyu, LI Kaihua, CHENG Jianhua, SONG Jiahua. Design and Experiment of Leveling System for Crawler-type Sugarcane Harvesters in Hilly Areas[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(6):374-385.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-06-10
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