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基于河貍下門齒外形結(jié)構(gòu)的青飼料切碎彎刀設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YFD2001905)、 山東省重大科技創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目(2022CXGC020704-01)和財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-34)


Design and Experiment of Forage Harvester Chopper Shape for Bionic Beaver Lower Door Teeth Shape Structure
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有平板直刀式切碎刀具作業(yè)時(shí)滑移嚴(yán)重、切碎均勻性差、作物適應(yīng)性差等問題,基于河貍下門齒的功能結(jié)構(gòu)特性,采用三維激光掃描及計(jì)算機(jī)輔助處理的逆向工程技術(shù),提取河貍頭骨模型并擬合下門齒特征曲線,依此設(shè)計(jì)一種仿生青飼料切碎刀具。在構(gòu)建河貍下門齒仿生耦元結(jié)構(gòu)表征模型的基礎(chǔ)上,通過理論分析確定下門齒鉗住角、楔角、滑切角與生物切割行為的運(yùn)動(dòng)和受力關(guān)系,建立刀刃斜切和穩(wěn)定滑切模型,得出穩(wěn)定切割過程河貍下門齒結(jié)構(gòu)特征與降阻減滑的響應(yīng)機(jī)制,建立侵徹物料切割受力模型,對(duì)刀頭受力特性進(jìn)行理論分析,得出楔角與刀頭受力及強(qiáng)度的影響規(guī)律。分段表征河貍下門齒功能結(jié)構(gòu),并以此設(shè)計(jì)切碎刀形。為確定刀形最佳結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)草長(zhǎng)率、斜茬率和破節(jié)率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),采用四因素五水平正交試驗(yàn)研究切碎刀刀形關(guān)鍵參數(shù)對(duì)青飼料切碎效果的影響,臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)鉗住角為46°、內(nèi)滑切角為31°、外滑切角為67°、楔角為28°時(shí),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)草長(zhǎng)率為95.84%、斜茬率為2.84%、破節(jié)率為95.46%。在臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)確定的最佳結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)條件下,以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)草長(zhǎng)率、斜茬率和破節(jié)率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),分別對(duì)黑麥草、全株青貯玉米和甜高粱開展田間收獲驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)作業(yè)參數(shù)為工作速度6km/h、喂入量8kg/s時(shí),額定負(fù)載下,黑麥草平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)草長(zhǎng)率為91.95%、平均斜茬率為3.31%、平均破節(jié)率為96.11%;全株青貯玉米平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)草長(zhǎng)率為95.62%、平均斜茬率為3.81%、平均破節(jié)率為96.32%;甜高粱平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)草長(zhǎng)率為92.60%、平均斜茬率為4.06%、平均破節(jié)率為96.03%,各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)均符合國(guó)家行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of serious slippage, poor uniformity and poor crop adaptability of the existing flatbed straight blade chopping tool, based on the functional and structural characteristics of beaver’s lower incisors, the skull model of beaver was extracted and the characteristic curves of the lower incisors was fitted by adopting the three-dimensional laser scanning and computer-assisted processing of the inverse engineering technology, and then a kind of biomimetic silage forage chopping blade was designed according to the model. On the basis of constructing the bionic coupling structural characterization model of beaver lower incisor, the movement and force relationship between the clamp angle, wedge angle and slip angle of the lower incisor and the biological cutting behavior were determined through theoretical analysis, and the models of slanting cut and stable slip cut of the blade were established to derive the structural characteristics of the beaver’s lower incisor in the process of stabilizing the cutting process, and the mechanism of response to the resistance and slip reduction, and the model of the cutting force of the invasive material was established for the theoretical analysis of the cutting head force characteristics, and the model of the cutter head was used for the theoretical analysis of the cutter head force characteristics, and the model of the cutting force was used for the theoretical analysis of the cutter head. The theoretical analysis of the cutter head force characteristics was carried out, and the influence law of wedge angle and cutter head force and strength was obtained. The functional structure of beaver lower incisors was characterized in segments, and the blade shape was designed accordingly. In order to determine the optimal structural parameters of the blade shape, a four-factor, five-level orthogonal test was conducted to investigate the effects of the key parameters of the blade shape on the chopping effect of silage forage, using the standard grass length rate, slant stubble rate and broken pitch rate as the test indexes. The results of the bench test showed that when the clamp angle was 46°, the inner slip angle was 31°, the outer slip angle was 67° and the wedge angle was 28°, the standard grass length rate was 9584%, the slant stubble rate was 2.84%, and the broken knot rate was 95.46%. Under the optimal structural parameters determined in the bench test, the field harvesting validation test was carried out on ryegrass, whole silage corn and sweet sorghum respectively with the standard grass length rate, slant stubble rate and broken node rate as the test indexes, and the test results showed that when the operating parameters were 6km/h and the feeding rate was 8kg/s, the average standard grass length rate of ryegrass was 91.95%, the average slant stubble rate was 3.31%, and the average breaking rate was 96.11%;whole plant silage corn average standard grass length rate was 95.62%, the average slash stubble rate was 3.81%, the average breaking rate was 96.32%;sweet sorghum average standard grass length rate was 92.60%, the average slash stubble rate was 4.06%, the average breaking rate was 96.03%, the performance indexes were consistent with the national industry standards. The bionic chopping curved blade can cut smoothly and cut sections evenly, which had strong crop adaptability.

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王海翼,紀(jì)中良,趙玄,尤泳,王德成,方憲法.基于河貍下門齒外形結(jié)構(gòu)的青飼料切碎彎刀設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(6):386-396,408. WANG Haiyi, JI Zhongliang, ZHAO Xuan, YOU Yong, WANG Decheng, FANG Xianfa. Design and Experiment of Forage Harvester Chopper Shape for Bionic Beaver Lower Door Teeth Shape Structure[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(6):386-396,408.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-06-10
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