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不同施氮水平下調(diào)虧灌溉對冬小麥葉片光合與水氮利用效率的影響
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河南省重大科技專項(xiàng)(221100110700)和山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)項(xiàng)目(2023TZXD011)


Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation with Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Leaf Photosynthesis and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat
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    摘要:

    為研究冬小麥在不同施氮水平下的調(diào)虧灌溉效應(yīng),于2021—2022年在黃淮海平原的河南省新鄉(xiāng)縣開展大田試驗(yàn),設(shè)置3個(gè)施氮水平:N1(120kg/hm2)、N2(240kg/hm2)和N3(360kg/hm2),在拔節(jié)-抽穗期設(shè)置3個(gè)調(diào)虧水平:中度調(diào)虧(灌水量18mm,M)、輕度調(diào)虧(灌水量24mm,L)和對照(灌水量30mm,CK)。結(jié)果表明:冬小麥旗葉凈光合速率(Pn)受到調(diào)虧和施氮水平的顯著影響,復(fù)水后各處理Pn均表現(xiàn)出不同程度的補(bǔ)償增長效應(yīng),補(bǔ)償效應(yīng)隨施氮量增加而增強(qiáng),N3M、N3L處理表現(xiàn)出超級補(bǔ)償效應(yīng),與復(fù)水前相比分別增長42.5%和32.4%。花期地上部干物質(zhì)量、成熟期地上部營養(yǎng)器官干物質(zhì)量均隨施氮量增加而增大,成熟期地上部營養(yǎng)器官干物質(zhì)量隨灌水量增加而增大。而輕度調(diào)虧能夠促進(jìn)花期地上部干物質(zhì)積累和干物質(zhì)向籽粒方向轉(zhuǎn)移,促進(jìn)植株氮素、穗氮素積累,進(jìn)而提高冬小麥產(chǎn)量、水分利用效率(WUE)和氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力(NPFP);運(yùn)用Mintab 15.1軟件建立冬小麥產(chǎn)量、WUE、NPFP與施氮量、灌水量的二次回歸方程,計(jì)算得出當(dāng)施氮量為214.6kg/hm2、灌水量為166.6mm時(shí),冬小麥產(chǎn)量為10.9731kg/hm2,WUE為2.7kg/m3,NPFP為52kg/kg,復(fù)合合意性最高為0.7,綜合效益符合預(yù)期目標(biāo)。因此,施氮量214.6kg/hm2結(jié)合拔節(jié)-抽穗期進(jìn)行輕度水分調(diào)虧,能使冬小麥保持較高產(chǎn)量和水氮利用效率,可作為該地區(qū)適宜的冬小麥調(diào)虧灌溉模式。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to study the effects of regulated deficit irrigation with different nitrogen application levels on winter wheat,a field experiment was conducted in Xinxiang County,Henan Province,located in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain from 2021 to 2022. Three nitrogen application levels:N1 (120kg/hm2),N2(240kg/hm2) and N3(360kg/hm2),and three regulated deficit levels during the stage of jointing-heading:moderate deficit (irrigation amount 18mm,M),light deficit (irrigation amount 24mm,L) and control (irrigation amount 30mm,CK) were set. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of winter wheat flag leaves was significantly affected by regulated deficit and nitrogen application level. After re-watering,Pn of all treatments showed different degrees of compensation growth effect,and the compensation effect was enhanced with the increase of nitrogen application rate,N3M and N3L treatments showed a super compensation effect,which was increased by 42.5% and 32.4%, respectively, compared with that before re-watering. Both the aboveground dry matter accumulation at the flowering stage and dry matter accumulation of aboveground vegetative organs at the maturity stage were increased with the increase of nitrogen application rates, while the latter was also increased with the increase of irrigation amount. However, light regulated deficit could promote the above-ground dry matter accumulation at the flowering stage, the translocation of dry matter to grain and the accumulation of nitrogen in plant and ear,and then improved winter wheat yield,water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP). The quadratic regression equation of winter wheat yield, WUE, NPFP and nitrogen application rate, irrigation amount was established by using Mintab 15.1 software. It was calculated that when the nitrogen application rate and irrigation amount were 214.6kg/hm2, 166.6mm,the yield was 10973.1kg/hm2,WUE was 2.7kg/m3,NPFP was 52kg/kg,the composite desirability was the highest of 0.7,and the comprehensive benefit was in line with the expected target. Therefore,light water deficit during the jointing-heading stage combined with the nitrogen application of 214.6kg/hm2 could maintain high yield and high water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat,which could be used as a suitable winter wheat deficit irrigation model in this area.

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吳曉磊,劉俊明,曹輝,付媛媛,黃超,高陽.不同施氮水平下調(diào)虧灌溉對冬小麥葉片光合與水氮利用效率的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(6):618-627. WU Xiaolei, LIU Junming, CAO Hui, FU Yuanyuan, HUANG Chao, GAO Yang. Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation with Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Leaf Photosynthesis and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(6):618-627.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-06-10
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