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蘆葦和香蒲組合對北方農(nóng)田排水溝氮磷去除影響與優(yōu)選
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內(nèi)蒙古科技計劃項目(2022YFHH0039)、內(nèi)蒙古水利科技計劃項目(NSK202103)和國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFC3201202)


Synergistic Effects and Optimized Configuration of Reed and Cattail Co-planting Systems on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Northern Agricultural Drainage Ditches
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    摘要:

    北方農(nóng)田排水溝中氮磷含量高,是下游水體富營養(yǎng)化的主要來源,為了提高排水溝中氮(N)、磷(P)去除效果,在內(nèi)蒙古河套灌區(qū)通過盆栽試驗,針對排水溝中3種氮磷濃度(低、中、高)設(shè)置蘆葦、香蒲與蘆葦+香蒲3種植物組合模式,每種模式水生植物設(shè)3種種植密度(15、30、50株/m2),包括空白對照共30個處理。研究了植物組合模式和種植密度對不同排水濃度氮磷去除的影響,并基于熵權(quán)TOPSIS模型對不同處理去除效果進行了綜合評價。結(jié)果表明,針對不同氮磷濃度水體,單一水生植物與組合水生植物在不同種植密度下對水體中總氮(TN)、總磷(TP)均具有較高去除效率,其中組合模式下對TN平均去除率比單一采用蘆葦和香蒲分別提高7.41、15.61個百分點,TP平均去除率分別提高11.71、19.32個百分點。另外,水生植物對TN、TP去除率與種植密度呈正比,相比種植密度15、30株/m2,高密度種植(50株/m2)對TN平均去除率分別提升4.75、1.61個百分點,TP平均去除率分別提升6.58、2.64個百分點。同時,3種組合模式對TN、TP去除率與水體濃度呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,其中高氮磷濃度下水生植物對TN平均去除率比中、低氮磷濃度分別提高2.78、18.56個百分點,TP平均去除率分別提高4.24、10.63個百分點。通過熵權(quán)TOPSIS評價顯示,在低、中、高氮磷濃度下組合模式蘆葦+香蒲按照低密度(15株/m2)種植時綜合評價最高,氮磷去除率與經(jīng)濟成本綜合效益最優(yōu)。研究結(jié)果對北方農(nóng)田排水溝應(yīng)用蘆葦與香蒲植物修復(fù)具有指導(dǎo)作用。

    Abstract:

    The high content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the northern farmland drainage ditch is the main source of eutrophication in the downstream water body. In order to improve the removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in the drainage ditch, a pot experiment was carried out in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia. According to the low, medium and high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the drainage ditch, three plant combination modes of reed, cattail and reed + cattail were set up, and three planting densities of 15 plants/m2, 30 plants/m2 and 50 plants/m2 were set up for each mode of aquatic plants, including 30 treatments in the blank control. The effects of plant combination patterns and planting density on the purification of nitrogen and phosphorus at different drainage concentrations were studied, and the purification effects of different treatments were comprehensively evaluated based on the entropy weight TOPSIS model. The results showed that for different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in water, single aquatic plants and combined aquatic plants had higher removal efficiency of TN and TP in water under different planting densities. The average removal rate of TN under the combined mode was 7.41 percentage points and 15.61 percentage points higher than that of single reed and cattail, and the average removal rate of TP was increased by 11.71 percentage points and 19.32 percentage points, respectively. In addition, the removal rate of TN and TP by aquatic plants was proportional to the planting density, compared with the planting density of 15 plants/m2 and 30 plants/m2. The average removal rates of TN were increased by 4.75 percentage points and 1.61 percentage points, respectively, and the average removal rates of TP were increased by 6.58 percentage points and 2.64 percentage points, respectively, under high planting density (50 plants/m2). At the same time, the removal rates of TN and TP in the three combined modes were positively correlated with the water concentration. The average removal rates of TN by aquatic plants at high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were 2.78 percentage points and 18.56 percentage points higher than those at medium and low nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, respectively, and the average removal rates of TP were increased by 4.24 percentage points and 10.63 percentage points, respectively. The entropy weight TOPSIS evaluation showed that the comprehensive evaluation was the highest when the combination mode of reed + cattail was planted at low density (15 plants/m2) under low, medium and high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, and the comprehensive benefits of nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate and economic cost were the best. The research results had a guiding role in the phytoremediation of reeds and cattails in northern farmland drainage ditches.

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王雅楠,李仙岳,史海濱,陳寧,郭淑豪,黃悅.蘆葦和香蒲組合對北方農(nóng)田排水溝氮磷去除影響與優(yōu)選[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2025,56(6):628-637,648. WANG Ya’nan, LI Xianyue, SHI Haibin, CHEN Ning, GUO Shuhao, HUANG Yue. Synergistic Effects and Optimized Configuration of Reed and Cattail Co-planting Systems on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Northern Agricultural Drainage Ditches[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(6):628-637,648.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-06-10
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