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氫燃料電池車用離心空壓機(jī)葉輪設(shè)計(jì)與輪背泄漏研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金青年科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(32001428)和陜西省技術(shù)創(chuàng)新引導(dǎo)專項(xiàng)(2023QYPY-15)


Impeller Design and Wheel Back Leakage of Centrifugal Air Compressor for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle
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    摘要:

    鑒于當(dāng)下的氣候變化與能源危機(jī),發(fā)展具有高效、清潔等優(yōu)點(diǎn)的氫燃料電池車輛為一條有效途徑。為匹配電堆功率130kW車載氫燃料電池,設(shè)計(jì)了額定壓比2.8、質(zhì)量流量130g/s、轉(zhuǎn)速88000r/min的兩級(jí)氣浮軸承離心空壓機(jī)。構(gòu)建了兩級(jí)離心空壓機(jī)一般通流模型和泄漏通流模型,進(jìn)行了兩類通流模型數(shù)值模擬與對(duì)比分析;對(duì)泄漏通流模型的葉輪背腔厚度與形狀、環(huán)形密封齒幾何數(shù)量與結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了研究,并在改進(jìn)的離心空壓機(jī)綜合性能實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)對(duì)整機(jī)進(jìn)行了性能測(cè)試與驗(yàn)證。研究結(jié)果表明,增加泄漏流道后的通流模型在設(shè)計(jì)工況下壓比誤差由10.63%降至5.11%,適當(dāng)減小葉輪背腔厚度和增大密封齒軸向尺寸能減少氣體泄漏,該兩級(jí)氣浮軸承離心空壓機(jī)葉輪結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度能滿足超高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)要求,且在設(shè)計(jì)工況下等熵效率可達(dá)73.30%,最高穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)速可達(dá)95000r/min。

    Abstract:

    In response to global climate challenges and energy transition imperatives, the advancement of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles featuring high energy efficiency and zero-emission characteristics represents a strategic pathway. Focusing on the development of a two-stage aerodynamic gas bearing centrifugal compressor specifically engineered for a 130kW vehicular fuel cell system, achieving critical performance parameters, including pressure ratio of 2.8, mass flow rate of 130g/s, and operational speed of 88000r/min. A general flow model and a leakage flow model for the two-stage aerodynamic gas bearing centrifugal air compressor were constructed, numerical simulations and comparative analyses of these two models were carried out. The thickness and shape of the impeller back cavity and the geometric number and structural parameters of the annular seal teeth in the leakage flow model were investigated. Performance tests and validation of the air compressor were conducted on an upgraded centrifugal air compressor comprehensive performance test bench. The results indicated that the pressure ratio error of the flow model considering the leakage channel under the design condition was reduced from 10.63% to 5.11%. Appropriately reducing the thickness of the impeller back cavity and increasing the axial dimensions of the seal teeth can reduce gas leakage. The calculation formula of the leakage coefficient with the number of sealing teeth was fitted. The two-stage aerodynamic gas bearing centrifugal air compressor impeller had a high safety margin, its structural strength can meet the requirements of ultra-high speed operation. And the isentropic efficiency of the two-stage aerodynamic gas bearing centrifugal air compressor can reach 73.30% under design conditions, with a maximum stable rotational speed of up to 95000r/min.

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楊山舉,李棟,張麗君,陳雨,陳軍,姜杰,郝杰.氫燃料電池車用離心空壓機(jī)葉輪設(shè)計(jì)與輪背泄漏研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(6):712-722. YANG Shanju, LI Dong, ZHANG Lijun, CHEN Yu, CHEN Jun, JIANG Jie, HAO Jie. Impeller Design and Wheel Back Leakage of Centrifugal Air Compressor for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(6):712-722.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-06-10
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